Evil and Morality Essay - 1266 Words

The existence of God may mean a great deal too many people; however does his existence mean that he can control evil and morality in humans? Human beings are born every second, minute, and hour of the day. Each human being born will hopefully grow up and make something of themselves, to ultimately become contributing members of society. In order to do so, each individual human being may battle what many before him or her may battle each day, and that is evil and morality and possibly the existence of a God that could control one or the other; or possibly both. According to dictionary.com, God is referred to as the one Supreme Being, the creator and ruler of the universe (2012). Therefore if God is the creator of the universe, then†¦show more content†¦Morals is defined as of or relating to principles of right and wrong in behavior (merriam-webster.com, 2012). It may be concluded that the terms evil and moral are linked because they each relate to a good or bad component in human beings. Human beings each are equipped to have the components of good or bad as it relates to each definition in terms of behavior qualities. Swinburne divides evil into two groups which are as follows: (a) moral evils; and (b) natural evils (qtd. in Cahn 232). To have morals may seem to imply that the human being would have to have a conscious. Be aware of what is going on in their surroundings, and the ability to reply or to act on certain impulses that can be viewed as good or bad within their surroundings. Moral evils includes all evil caused deliberately by humans doing what they ought not to do (or allowed to occur by humans negligently failing to do what they ought to do) and also the evil constituted by such deliberate actions or negligent failure. (qtd. in Cahn 232). If moral evils include actions that are committed deliberately, then as stated by Cahn this may just be a test whereas humans encounter situations where they may be prone to commit murder, st eal, or possibly abuse children or other adults. It is a test by God to see if humans have what it takes to make a moralShow MoreRelatedTechnology and Morality in Shelleys Frankenstein - Is Knowledge Always Evil?952 Words   |  4 PagesFrankenstein: Is Knowledge Always Evil? nbsp; As of this writing, I have decided to regard the local TV channels The more you know... commercials as being evil. I do not understand how anyone could regard knowledge as anything but evil. The more you know... the more your mind feels the need to explorer for more knowledge and the more evil it will encounter. The more you search, the more ignorant you realize you are and the more open to pain you become. Who needs to have the knowledgeRead MoreThe Origin Of Good And Evil By Richard Taylor And Why Morality Is Not Relative By James Rachels1741 Words   |  7 PagesUsing two articles â€Å"On the Origin of Good and Evil† by Richard Taylor and â€Å"Why Morality Is Not Relative† by James Rachels from the book Moral Life: An Introductory Reader in Ethics and Literature, author, Louis P. Pojman and Lewis Vaughn, this essay will first try to identify what each of two articles says about the nature of good and evil, and is everything on morality is relative. Taylor from the article â€Å"On the Origin of Good and Evil†, states that morality is not inspirational, but a natural realityRead MoreMorality And Where Is All Common Ground On Where Augustine s Views On Natural Desires And Free Will1153 Words   |  5 PagesAn Analysis of the concept of morality in Augustine reveals questions facing humankind: what is morality and where is it based. This is the common theme throughout Augustine’s writings, he seem to struggle with making the right choices. His natural desires tend to take over whenever he comes to tough decision. Throughout this paper we will be analyzing this theme, to see if we can come to some common ground on where Augustine stood and what he had to say on the issue. First let’s analyze Augustine’sRead MoreThe Christian View Of God1647 Words   |  7 Pagestechnology offering a more comprehensive perspective of the current global atrocities, the existence of evil has never been more prevalent. If evil is defined as extreme suffering, premature death, and moral corruption, its existence questions the Christian view of God. The Christian God is an all-seeing, all-powerful being of moral perfection. Because these two truths cannot coexist, the fact that evil exists disproves the existence of the Christian God. If God is omnipotent, He could prevent any injusticeRead MoreMorality In Edgar Allan Poes The Tell Tale Heart843 Words   |  4 PagesPoe portrays this unnamed narrator as a person who struggles with morality, or the distinction between good and evil and right and wrong. Sometimes this struggle overtakes a person, and the evil within is brought to the surface. Poe’s short story shows readers that there is evil in everyon e and that everyone struggles with morality. In this twisted and dark short story, â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart,† a common theme, the struggle with morality, is shown through the narrator’s inevitable insanity, the narrator’sRead MoreMoral Values And Good And Bad Essay1409 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to Nietzsche, there is a distinction between â€Å"good and evil† and â€Å"good and bad.† The former stems from what he calls the â€Å"slave revolt in morality† or herd morality, while the latter from master morality. In master morality, â€Å"good and bad† are non-moral values, while in slave morality, â€Å"good and evil† take on moral values. To distinguish â€Å"good and evil† from â€Å"good and bad† is to recognise that values can be moral or non-moral. Moral values are rules that seem to be universal or objectiveRead MoreMaster Morality vs. Slave Morality: Neiztche867 Words   |  4 PagesMaster Morality v s. Slave Morality: Neiztche Wikipedia defines morality as â€Å"a system of principles and judgments based on cultural, religious, and philosophical concepts and beliefs, by which humans determine whether given actions are right or wrong.† (Wikipedia Morality) Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche, a German philosopher thought up of the idea that there are two moralities; The master and slave morality. These define a person by there actions to there world around them and how they handle certainRead More Nietzsche: Moving Beyond Good and Evil Essay1033 Words   |  5 PagesNietzsche: Moving Beyond Good and Evil We have grown weary of man. Nietzsche wants something better, to believe in human ability once again. Nietzsche’s weariness is based almost entirely in the culmination of ressentiment, the dissolution of Nietzsche’s concept of morality and the prevailing priestly morality. Nietzsche wants to move beyond simple concepts of good and evil, abandon the assessment of individuals through ressentiment, and restore men to their former wonderful ability. Read MoreNietzsche s On The Genealogy Of Morals1668 Words   |  7 Pagestwo types of morality at play creating these original definitions of good bad and evil, master morality and slave morality. I will also use Nietzsche’s concept of â€Å"will to power† to evaluate each of these ideas. Nietzsche believes that the will to power is the force that pushes humankind. To clarify for my readers, I’m looking to separate deontology from virtue ethics to improve my own understanding of good and bad not a s what is right or wrong. In Nietzsche’s essay â€Å"Good and Evil,† â€Å"Good andRead MoreThe Slave Mortality Presented By Nietzsche In His Genealogy1396 Words   |  6 PagesGenealogy of Morals is prevalent within modern literature. The dark effects of this morality have crept far beyond the general view of the elite class and into our writing. This is not much of a surprise since literature reflects the world and our view of the world within it. Unfortunately, its impact on our society is shown by its prevalence within modern writing. This morality allows the author to focus on the â€Å"evil enemy† (Nietzsche 39) instead of the good within humanity. This obsession with the

Masculinity Slavery in the United States and Douglass Pg

Gloria Kissiedu World Literature 207 29 November 2011 Masculinity Things Fall Apart was written in the 1890s, when whites went to Nigeria. The novel shows the clash between the white s and the culture of the Igbo people. The novel is about a man named Okonkwo, and his growth for respect, fortune and power which in the end leads to his expected death. His great power did not come to an end because of colonization, but rather his downfall was his obsession with masculinity. The narrative of Frederick Douglass also defines masculinity. The narrative of Frederick Douglass took place in America. During slavery, Frederick Douglass was limited to plantation work because blacks were not seen as being capable to achieve more in life but that†¦show more content†¦Likewise, Frederick Douglas was born in February 1818. â€Å"At the age of ten or eleven, Douglass is sent to live in Baltimore with Hugh and Sophia Auld. Douglass overhears a conversation between them and comes to understand that whites maintain power over black slaves by keeping them une ducated. Douglass resolves to educate himself and escape from slavery. Douglass struggles to free himself, mentally and physically, from slavery†. During this time, African Americans were very limited to do anything. All he wanted was freedom from slavery so he can feel like a man. Douglas was an abolitionist who was dedicated to learn. He was motivated to teach himself how to read and write because he did not want to be a slave for the rest of his life. Frederick Douglass was driven to succeed. Frederick Douglass was a slave at one point but gained his freedom through his education. He says, â€Å"What he most dreaded, that I most desired† (Douglass pg 19). Douglass knew his master did not want him to learn how to read and write, yet he was thirsty and attempted to better himself. Frederick Douglass is a man who had a lot of potential. Frederick Douglass saw the cultural differences between blacks and whites, yet he still focused on his goals and motivated himself. Ev en though Douglas knew that whites had the mentality that â€Å"They were better than blacks,† he still focused on his goals. Frederick Douglas never looked down on education

Effect of Employee Engagement Performance

Question: Discuss about the Effect of Employee Engagement on the Organizational Performance of Woolworths. Answer: Introduction: In this research study, the researcher will showcase the impact of employee engagement on the organizational performance of Woolworths. In the competitive industry, employee engagement is a very important concept. With the help of relevant theories and model the impact of employee engagement which is an independent variable have been assessed on the organizational performance of Woolworths which is a dependent variable. In this section, the researcher will highlight the research philosophy, design, research method, approach, the data collection process, the sample size and the sampling method along with the ethical consideration and Gantt chart to carry out the analysis. Background of the study: According to the view of Mone London (2014), employee engagement is an alarming issue for the enhancement of the organizational performance of a company. This research depicts the effect of employee engagement of renowned organization of Australia, Woolworths which measures the performance of the company. Research aim and objectives: The research aim is to evaluate the effect of employee engagement on the organizational performance of Woolworths, Australia. The research objectives are as follows: To analyze the effect of employee satisfaction on Woolworths. To recognize the problems of the employee engagement. To critically assess the effect of employee engagement on the performance of Woolworths. To identify the important factors which are required to raise the employee engagement. Research questions: What is the effect of employee satisfaction on Woolworths? What are the alarming problems faced by Woolworths relating to the employee engagement? How is the issue employee engagement affected the Woolworths' performance? What are the associated factors for raising the employee engagement of Woolworths? The rationale of the study: In the words of Truss et al., (2013), de-motivation and dissatisfaction lower the productivity level of the employer which enhances the risk factor to run the business successfully in the competitive industry. The alarming issue of employee engagement is currently noticed in the Woolworths organization which severely hampers the performance level of this company. Research hypothesis: H0: There is a negative effect of the employee engagement on the organizational performance of Woolworths. H1: There is a positive effect of the employee engagement on the organizational performance of Woolworths. Theory on the employee engagement: Douglas McGregors Theory X and Theory Y: The above-stated theory depicts the motivation and nature of the employee engagement in which the theory X contradicts the theory Y. As argued by Park Shaw (2013), the Theory X states the fact that employees are impartially motivated towards their work. Most of the time, they avoid their responsibilities and focus only on their needs. On the contrary, as per the view of Albdour Altarawneh (2014), the Theory Y assumes that the employees are responsible and highly motivated towards their work. They always want to dedicate themselves to increase the profit level and effectiveness of the company and engage themselves to reach the desired goals of the company. On the other hand, there also exist different types of employees in the Woolworths in which some part are not responsible whereas others are totally dedicated and motivated. Theory of the organizational performance: Expectancy theory: According to this theory, the attitude of the employees is an important factor which can change the performance level of the organization. As opined by Shuck Reio (2014), the change in the attitude and behavior of the employee is fully based on the expected satisfaction from the concerned organization. The employees get motivation if and only if the organization is satisfied them. The higher level of satisfaction enhances the productivity level of the employer (Barrick, Thurgood, Smith Courtright, 2015). The increased productivity of the laborers helps to raise the performance level of the company and to reach the desired goal of the organization. As per the view of this theory, the organizational performance and future activities are highly significant as the employees' change behavior, and expectation depends on that. As per the concept of this theory, Woolworths is concerned and aware of their future activities and their satisfaction level towards the laborers. The increased sat isfaction level motivates the employee to dedicate themselves towards the success of Woolworths. Model on the employee engagement: X model of employee engagement: In the words of Menguc, Auh, Fisher Haddad (2013), the X model relating to the employee engagement deals with the contribution and dedication factor of the employee towards their work along with the satisfaction level provided by the organization. The above-stated model showcases the fact that the higher level of job satisfaction enhances the level of dedication and engagement of the laborers towards their work (Crawford, Rich, Buckman Bergeron, 2014). The satisfaction and contribution are two major factors which determine the employee engagement towards their organization. By applying the concept of this model, the concerned organization can improve the performance level of the employer through providing aspiration, values, and satisfaction to them (Borman Motowidlo, 2014). In order to boost up the engagement and performance level of the employee, Woolworths can practically use the theoretical concept of this model. With the help of this X model, the Woolworths organization can b e able to enhance the employee engagement along with the managerial, individual and executive performance of the organization. Summary: From the literature review section, with the help of various theories and model, the impact of the independent variable on the dependent variable have been critically analyzed. Research Philosophy: In this perspective, the researcher will apply the positivism research philosophy. According to Panneerselvam (2014), positivism research philosophy will be applicable when the sample size is large. Moreover, it would make the analysis a very structured one. Research Approach: The researcher will opt for the deductive research approach to analyzing and test the hypothesis and assumptions of this study. Due to lack of time and source, the deductive research approach will be appropriate to analyze the data properly (Taylor, Bogdan DeVault, 2015). Research Design: The descriptive type of research design will be relevant which will help to describe the nature of the factors associated with this research analysis. Furthermore, it will support to acquire the detailed study. Data collection process: For detailed analysis, the researcher will employ the primary research. Thus, both qualitative and quantitative research analysis will be applied here. The qualitative analysis will be done by interviewing the concerned managers of Woolworths. On the other hand, the quantitative analysis will be performed by the online survey of the employees of the Woolworths. Sampling method: The simple random probability method is selected by the researcher for quantitative analysis. In the words of Flick (2015), the above-stated method provides the equal chance for being selected of all the laborers for this survey. Apart from this, the simple random non-probability sampling method is selected for qualitative analysis. Sample size: 60 employees and five managers of Woolworths will be preferred for this analysis. A questionnaire based on ten questions has been set for the quantitative analysis which will be done by the online survey. Two demographic questions and others are close-ended questions relating to employee engagement of Woolworths. Three open-ended questions will be set for the managers of Woolworths. Ethical consideration: The permission of the concerned managers and the organization, Woolworths will be needed to carry out the research analysis. The privacy and personal information of the organization have been maintained, and no biases have been done. Gantt chart: Activities Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 Week 11 Week 12 Week 13 Week 14 Selecting the topic Getting approval Arranging the methods of the research Secondary data collection Literature review Primary data collection Evaluating the data Interpreting the result and data Arranging the findings Preparing the final report Summary: With the help of research approach, design, method, data collection process, sampling process and sample size, the above-discussed research analysis has been performed. This procedure would help to critically analyze the effect of employee engagement on the organizational performance of the Woolworths. Hence, the qualitative and quantitative research analysis will enrich the study. Expected outcome: In this perspective, as both the quantitative and qualitative research analysis has been used, the opinions of the associated employees are critically evaluated in order to sort out the effect of employee engagement on Woolworths. On the contrary, the feedback of the managers of Woolworths will be represented in a descriptive manner. In order to evaluate the data, a regression analysis will be employed. The expected outcome will support the alternative hypothesis of this research study. Conclusion and Recommendation: Based on the above analysis of this research, it can be deduced that the null hypothesis of this research study will be rejected and the alternative hypothesis will be accepted. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a positive effect of the employee engagement on the organizational performance of Woolworths. From this point of view, to improve the employee engagement, Woolworths employs several types of organizational activities like decision making system which increase the satisfaction level of the employees. The increased level of satisfaction will enhance the level of productivity of the laborers of Woolworths. Thus, the organizational performance of Woolworths will improve with the rise in employee engagement. References Albdour, A.A. Altarawneh, I.I. (2014). Employee engagement and organizational commitment: Evidence from Jordan.International Journal of Business,19(2), p.192. Barrick, M.R., Thurgood, G.R., Smith, T.A. Courtright, S.H. (2015). Collective organizational engagement: Linking motivational antecedents, strategic implementation, and firm performance.Academy of Management journal,58(1), pp.111-135. Borman, W.C. Motowidlo, S.J. (2014).Organizational citizenship behavior and contextual performance: A special issue of human performance. Psychology Press. Crawford, E.R., Rich, B.L., Buckman, B. Bergeron, J. (2014). The antecedents and drivers of employee engagement.Employee engagement in theory and practice, pp.57-81. Flick, U. (2015).Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Menguc, B., Auh, S., Fisher, M. Haddad, A. (2013). To be engaged or not to be engaged: The antecedents and consequences of service employee engagement.Journal of business research,66(11), pp.2163-2170. Mone, E.M. London, M. (2014).Employee engagement through effective performance management: A practical guide for managers. Routledge. Panneerselvam, R. (2014).Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Park, T.Y. Shaw, J.D. (2013). Turnover rates and organizational performance: A meta-analysis.Journal of Applied Psychology,98(2), p.268. Shuck, B. Reio, T.G. (2014). Employee engagement and well-being a moderation model and implications for practice.Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies,21(1), pp.43-58. Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. DeVault, M. (2015).Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons. Truss, C., Shantz, A., Soane, E., Alfes, K. Delbridge, R. (2013). Employee engagement, organisational performance and individual well-being: exploring the evidence, developing the theory.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,24(14), pp.2657-2669.

Politics Of Plato And Aristotle Essays (1153 words) -

Politics Of Plato And Aristotle To compare the political theories of two great philosophers of politics is to first examine each theory in depth. Plato is regarded by many experts as the first writer of political philosophy, and Aristotle is recognized as the first political scientist. These two men were great thinkers. They each had ideas of how to improve existing societies during their individual lifetimes. It is necessary to look at several areas of each theory to seek the difference in each. The main focus of Plato is a perfect society. He creates a blueprint for a utopian society, in his book The Republic, out of his disdain for the tension of political life (Hacker, 24). This blueprint was a sketch of a society in which the problems he thought were present in his society would be eased (Hacker 24). Plato sought to cure the afflictions of both human society and human personality (Hacker 24). Essentially what Plato wants to achieve is a perfect society. Aristotle, unlike Plato, is not concerned with perfecting society. He just wants to improve on the existing one. Rather than produce a blueprint for the perfect society, Aristotle suggested, in his work, The Politics, that the society itself should reach for the best possible system that could be attained (Hacker 71). Aristotle relied on the deductive approach, while Aristotle is an example of an inductive approach (Hacker 71). Utopia is a solution in abstract, a solution that has no concrete problem (Hacker 76). There is no solid evidence that all societies are in need of such drastic reformation as Plato suggests (Hacker 76). Aristotle discovers that the best possible has already been obtained (Hacker 76). All that can be done is to try to improve on the existing one. Plato's utopia consists of three distinct, non-hereditary class systems (Hacker 32). The Guardians consist of non ruling Guardians and ruling Guardians. The non-rulers are a higher level of civil servants and the ruling is the society's policy makers (Hacker 32). Auxilaries are soldiers and minor civil servants (Hacker 32). Finally the Workers, are composed of farmers and artisans, most commonly unskilled laborers (Hacker 32). The Guardians are to be wise and good rulers. It is important that the rulers who emerge must be a class of craftsmen who are public-spirited in temperament and skilled in the arts of government areas (Hacker 33). The guardians are to be placed in a position in which they are absolute rulers. They are supposed to be the select few who know what is best for society (Hacker 33). Aristotle disagrees with the idea of one class holding discontinuing political power (Hacker 85). The failure to allow circulation between classes excludes those men who may be ambitious, and wise, but are not in the right class of society to hold any type of political power (Hacker 85). Aristotle looks upon this ruling class system as an ill-conceived political structure (Hacker 86). He quotes "It is a further objection that he deprives his Guardians even of happiness, maintaining that happiness of the whole state which should be the object of legislation," ultimately he is saying that Guardians sacrifice their happiness for power and control. Guardians who lead such a strict life will also think it necessary to impose the same strict lifestyle on the society it governs (Hacker 86). Aristotle puts a high value on moderation (Hacker 81). Many people favor moderation because it is part-liberal and part-conservative. There is so much of Plato's utopia that is undefined and it is carried to extremes that no human being could ever fulfill its requirements (Hacker 81). Aristotle believes that Plato is underestimating the qualitative change in human character and personality that would have to take place in order to achieve his utopia (Hacker 81). Plato chose to tell the reader of his Republic how men would act and what their attitudes would be in a perfect society (Hacker 81). Aristotle tries to use real men in the real world in an experimental fashion to foresee how and in which ways they can be improved (Hacker 81). Both Plato and Aristotle agree that justice exists in an objective sense: that is, it dictates a belief that the good life should be provided for all individuals no matter how high or low their social status (Hacker 91). "In democracies, for example, justice is considered to mean equality, in oligarchies, again inequality in the distribution of office is considered to be just, " says Aristotle (Hacker 91). Plato sees the justice and law as

Dunkirk Evacuation in World War II

Dunkirk Evacuation in World War II Conflict The battle and evacuation of Dunkirk occurred during World War II. Dates Lord Gort made the decision to evacuate on May 25, 1940, and the last troops departed France on June 4. Armies Commanders: Allies General Lord GortGeneral Maxime Weygandapprox. 400,000 men Nazi Germany General Gerd von RundstedtGeneral Ewald von Kleistapprox. 800,000 men Background In the years prior to World War II, the French government invested heavily in series of fortifications along the German border known as the Maginot Line. It was thought that this would force any future German aggression north into Belgium where it could be defeated by the French Army while sparing French territory from the ravages of war. Between the end of the Maginot Line and where the French high command expected to meet the enemy lay the thick forest of the Ardennes.  Due to the difficulties of the terrain, French commanders in the early days of World War II did not believe that the Germans could move in force through the Ardennes and as a result, it was only lightly defended. As the Germans refined their plans for invading France, General Erich von Manstein successfully advocated for an armored thrust through the Ardennes. This attack he argued would take the enemy by surprise and allow for a rapid movement to the coast which would isolate Allied forces in Belgium and Flanders . On the night of May 9, 1940, German forces attacked into the Low Countries. Moving to their aid, French troops and the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) were unable to prevent their fall. On May 14, German panzers tore through the Ardennes and began driving to the English Channel. Despite their best efforts, the BEF, Belgian, and French forces were unable to halt the German advance. This occurred even though the French Army had fully committed its strategic reserves to the fight. Six days later, German forces reached the coast, effectively cutting off the BEF as well as a large number of Allied troops. Turning north, German forces sought to capture the Channel ports before the Allies could evacuate. With the Germans at the coast,  Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Vice Admiral Bertram Ramsay  met at Dover Castle to begin planning the evacuation of the BEF from the Continent. BEF responding aerial attack. Fox Photos/Getty Images Traveling to Army Group As headquarters at Charleville on May 24, Hitler urged its commander, General Gerd von Rundstedt, to press the attack. Assessing the situation, von Rundstedt advocated holding his armor west and south of Dunkirk, as the marshy terrain was unsuitable for armored operations and many units were worn down from advance west. Instead, von Rundstedt suggested using the infantry of Army Group B to finish off the BEF. This approach was agreed upon and it was decided that Army Group B would attack with strong aerial support from the Luftwaffe. This pause on the part of the Germans gave the Allies valuable time to construct defenses around the remaining Channel ports. The following day, the commander of the BEF, General Lord Gort, with the situation continuing to deteriorate, made the decision to evacuate from northern France. Planning the Evacuation Withdrawing, the BEF, with support from French and Belgian troops, established a perimeter around the port of Dunkirk. This location was chosen as the town was surrounded by marshes and possessed large sand beaches on which troops could gather prior to departure. Designated Operation Dynamo, the evacuation was to be carried out by a fleet of destroyers and merchant ships. Supplementing these ships, were over 700 little ships which largely consisted of fishing boats, pleasure craft, and smaller commercial vessels. To execute the evacuation, Ramsay and his staff marked out three routes for vessels to use between Dunkirk and Dover.  The shortest of these, Route Z, was 39 miles and was open to fire from German batteries.   In planning, it was hoped that 45,000 men could be rescued over two days, as it was expected that German interference would force the end of the operation after forty-eight hours. As the fleet began to arrive at Dunkirk, the soldiers commenced preparing for the voyage. Due to time and space concerns, almost all heavy equipment had to be abandoned.  As German air attacks worsened, the towns harbor facilities were destroyed.  As a result, departing troops boarded ships directly from the harbors moles (breakwaters) while others were forced to wade out to waiting boats off the beach. Commencing on May 27, Operation Dynamo rescued 7,669 men on the first day and 17,804 on the second. Escape Across the Channel British and French troops awaiting for evacuation. German forces were rapidly advancing and retreat to Britain was the only option. Historical/Getty Images   The operation continued as the perimeter around the port began to shrink and as the Supermarine Spitfires and Hawker Hurricanes of Air Vice Marshal Keith Parks No. 11 Group from the Royal Air Forces Fighter Command battled to keep German aircraft away from the embarkation areas. Hitting its stride, the evacuation effort began to peak as 47,310 men were rescued on May 29, followed by 120,927 over the next two days. This occurred despite a heavy Luftwaffe attack on the evening of the 29th and the reduction of the Dunkirk pocket to a five-kilometer strip on the 31st.  By this time, all BEF forces were within the defensive perimeter as was over half of the French First Army. Among those to leave on May 31 was Lord Gort who gave command of the British rearguard to Major General Harold Alexander. On June 1, 64,229 were taken off, with the British rearguard departing the next day. With German air attacks intensifying, daylight operations were ended and the evacuation ships were limited to running at night. Between June 3 and 4, an additional 52,921 Allied troops were rescued from the beaches. With the Germans only three miles from the harbor, the final Allied ship, the destroyer HMS Shikari, departed at 3:40 AM on June 4. The two French divisions left defending the perimeter were ultimately forced to surrender. Aftermath Troops of the British Expeditionary Force are greeted as they arrive home.   Hulton Deutsch/Getty Images   All told, 332,226 men were rescued from Dunkirk. Deemed a stunning success, Churchill cautiously advised â€Å"We must be very careful not to assign to this deliverance the attributes of a victory. Wars are not won by evacuations. During the operation, the British losses included 68,111 killed, wounded, and captured, as well as 243 ships (including 6 destroyers), 106 aircraft, 2,472 field guns, 63,879 vehicles, and 500,000 tons of supplies. Despite the heavy losses, the evacuation preserved the core of the British Army and made it available for the immediate defense of Britain. In addition, significant numbers of French, Dutch, Belgian, and Polish troops were rescued.

Top 100 Allied Health Jobs That Are Hiring Today

Top 100 Allied Health Jobs That Are Hiring Today If you’re interested in a career in medical and health services, you have your eye on the right prize. Allied health positions can vary from patient work, to management positions, to technologist jobs, and come with a solid salary. While some require a bit of schooling, most don’t need a huge amount of education to break into, and offer good growth opportunities.Here is a varied list of jobs that fall under the allied health umbrella.Allied Health Job TitlesAssistant Director of NursingBehavior AnalystCardiac NurseCath Lab NurseCertified Medical Assistant (CMA)Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA)Certified Ophthalmic TechnicianCertified Registered Nurse (RN)- MidwifeCharge NurseClinical AssistantClinical Documentation SpecialistClinical EducatorClinical PsychologistClinical Services DirectorClinical Services ManagerClinical SupervisorCritical Care NurseCT TechnologistDental AssistantDental HygienistDentistDietary AideDietitianEmergency Medical Technician (EMT)- ParamedicEme rgency Room NurseEnvironmental Health SpecialistEnvironmental Services ManagerER TechnicianFamily PhysicianHealth Information TechnicianHealth Service CoordinatorHealthcare Information Services ManagerHealthcare Project ManagerHome Care AdministratorHome Care NurseHome Health Aide (HHA)Home Health Care NurseHospital Admissions CoordinatorHospital TransporterLaboratory CourierLicensed Practical Nurse (LPN)Licensed Vocational Nurse (LVN)MDS CoordinatorMedical AssistantMedical Case ManagerMedical CoderMedical DirectorMedical Laboratory Technician (MLT)Medical Records AnalystMedical Technologist (MT)Medical TranscriptionistMedication TechnicianMental Health TechnicianMonitor TechnicianMRI TechnicianNurse ManagerNurse Practitioner (NP)Nurse SupervisorNursing AideNursing AssistantNursing Care CoordinatorNursing DirectorNutritionistOccupational Health ManagerOccupational Therapist (OT)Occupational Therapist AssistantOffice NurseOncology NurseOperating Room NurseOpticianOptometric Technicia nOral Surgeon AssistantOrthodontic AssistantPACU NursePathology AssistantPatient Care Technician (PCT)PediatricianPhlebotomistPhysical Therapist (PT)Physical Therapist AidePhysical Therapist Assistant (PTA)PhysicianPhysician AssistantPractical Registered Nurse (PRN)Psychiatric NursePsychiatric TechnicianPsychiatristRadiologic TechnicianRadiologic TechnologistRegistered Dental Assistant (RDA)Registered Nurse (RN)Respiratory TherapistSafety RepresentativeSchool NurseSchool PsychologistSpeech Language Pathologist (SLP)Staff NurseSurgical TechnicianUltrasound TechnicianAccording to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, employment of allied health  jobs is projected to grow 19% through  2024, adding about 2.3 million new jobs.The median annual wage for healthcare practitioners and technical occupations (such as registered nurses, physicians and surgeons, and dental hygienists) is around $63,420, while healthcare support occupations (such as home health aides, occupational therapy assistant s, and medical transcriptionists) have a median annual wage of $27,910.

Compensation and Training Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Compensation and Training - Essay Example America, the world’s largest economy, where the past decade a continuing bubble growing with continuous spending fueled by debts that suddenly burst when financial institutions that were supposed to generate money ended up producing even more debt (U.S. Treasury Department, 2009). The US government responded immediately to the threat of a global financial meltdown, gathering governments abroad and at the same time, was at the forefront of a Keynesian tactic of responding to impending depressions – increasing government spending. Hence, the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) was born. The idea behind this program is to empower government to use federal funds to directly inject financial support to institutions to keep the financial sector afloat. It aims to purchase troubled assets, consisting mainly of the products of the subprime mortgage crisis. To manage this program, the Office of Financial Stability under the Treasury Department was born. It has seven components namely: (1) mortgage-backed securities purchase program; (2) whole loan purchase program; (3) insurance program; (4) equity purchase program; (5) homeownership preservation; (6) executive compensation; and (7) compliance (Treasury Public Affairs, 2009). The law specifically defines important requirements for firms that apply for the TARP. Executive compensation has been one of the thorniest issues that have struck public outrage when troubled companies continue to allow for astronomical compensations for its chief officers (Treasury Public Affairs, 2009). Executive compensation is a corporate term that describes how the management of big corporations is paid. Over the past thirty years, there has been a dramatic increase in the compensation of CEOs and other officers, far beyond the levels of an average worker. Five basic tools for compensation include a base salary, short-term incentives and bonuses, long-term incentive plans, employee benefits and perquisites. The typical salary for CEOs

Management Control & Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management Control & Accounting - Essay Example The costing can be improved by taking a different approach such as activity-based costing. In activity based costing, activities regarding the factory overhead costs will be classified, and the costs will be broken down according to the level of activities. In this way, the cause and effect between the overhead items in the factory overhead schedule and the activities will be more established, resulting in a more accurate costing. 2. Athena Ltd is an engineering business doing work for its customers to their particular requirements and specifications. It determines the full cost of each job taking a job costing approach, accounting for overheads on a departmental basis. It bases its prices to customers on this full cost figure. The business has two departments: a machining department, where each job starts, and a fitting department, which completes all of the jobs. Machining department overheads are charged to jobs on a machine hour’s basis and those of the fitting department on a direct labour hour basis. The budgeted information for next year is as follows: a) Prepare a statement showing the budgeted overheads for next year, analysed between the two departments. This should be in the form of three columns: one for the total figure for each type of overhead and one column each for the two departments, where each type of overhead is analysed between the two departments. Each column should also show the total overhead for the year. Please use the template below. c) Athena Ltd has been asked by a customer to specify the price that it will charge for a particular job that will, if the job goes ahead, be undertaken early next year. The job is expected to use direct material costing Athena Ltd  £ 1200, to need 50 hours of machining time, 10 hours of Machine Department direct labour and 40 hours of Fitting Department direct labour. Athena Ltd charges a profit loading of 20% to the full cost of jobs to determine the selling

Safeguarding and Protection in Health Essay Example for Free

Safeguarding and Protection in Health Essay There are many forms of abuse but are usually classified under five main headings, physical, sexual, psychological, financial and institutional. Signs of possible abuse can come in physical forms, such as bruises, cuts, burn marks, etc; emotional signs like flinching, crying and any other changes in the normal behaviour of the client. Although these are signs of abuse it is in no way conclusive evidence of such. Warning signs are NOT evidence of abuse but possible indicators of such. Physical abuse can take many forms but is usually where some form of bodily harm is committed. For example: hitting, slapping, scalding, burning, pinching, force feeding, refusing access to toilet facilities, misuse of medication or restraint, leaving someone in soiled clothes or bedding, etc. The warning signs for possible physical abuse can be things like withdrawal or mood changes, finger marks or multiple bruises, black eyes or bruised ears, scratches or cuts, burn marks, welt marks, a history of unexplained falls or injuries, pressure sores or rashes from wet/soiled bedding or clothes, fractures especially if accompanied by multiple bruises or finger marks, explanations that dont match the injuries, reluctance to be left with the alleged abuser, etc. Sexual abuse is when a sexual activity is performed without informed consent being freely given, such as rape or sexual assault, indecent exposure, sexual harassment, masturbation, involving a vulnerable adult in pornography, enforced witnessing of sexual acts or sexual media, attempted or penetration of intimate areas without informed consent, etc. It can also involve abuse of a position of power. Children are unable to give informed consent to any sexual activity of any description. Some adults are also unable to do this due to diminished capacity or a lack of understanding of the meaning. The physical warning signs for possible sexual abuse can be things like  scratches, abrasions or persistent infections in the anal or genital area (including urine infections), pregnancy, bruises, bite or scratch marks on the body, burns, blood on underwear, abdominal pain with no diagnosable cause, etc. The emotional warning signs for possible sexual abuse can be refusal to undress for activities such as swimming or bathing, flinching when carrying out normal duties such as washing, self injury, self destructive behaviour including alcohol or drug abuse, suicide attempts, depression, aggression, anxiety, crying, sexual abuse of others, provocative sexual behaviour or promiscuity, reluctance to be left with the alleged abuser, etc. The key point to remember when determining possible sexual abuse is the mental capacity to give informed consent to any sexual activity. Psychological abuse an element of psychological abuse exists in all forms of abuse. Emotional distress will be caused when a person becomes a victim of abuse at the hands of someone they trusted such as a family member, friend or carer. There is some abuse that is purely psychological such as bullying, shouting, ignoring, swearing, humiliation, blaming, intimidation, verbal abuse, threats of harm or abandonment, harassment, coercion, deprivation of privacy or dignity, etc. Indicators for possible psychological abuse can be the carer (either professional, family or friend) seeming to ignore the vulnerable persons presence and needs, cared for person fearful of raised voices or distressed if they feel they are in trouble, reports from neighbours about shouting, screaming or swearing, the client not wanting to be alone with alleged abuser, no value of basic human rights (such as opinion, choice and dignity), being treated like a child, etc. Financial abuse can be committed by family, friends, care workers or other outside influences and includes fraud, theft, exploitation, pressure regarding things such a wills, property, inheritance or financial transactions, etc. Indicators are people not being able to manage their own financial affairs when they have the mental capacity to do so, family unwilling to pay from clients funds for services even though the client has enough funds, mismanagement or misappropriation of clients finances, denying client access to their own account, loss of trust, insecurity, client is overly conforming or submissive and Power of Attorney obtained when individual is unable to comprehend. Example: A client is bed ridden and gives a family friend her bank card in order for that care giver to do shopping, pay bills, etc. The family friend then abuses this position by stealing the money from the clients bank or transferring it directly into their account (fraud). Institutional abuse can be committed by organisations, groups or even individuals and includes abuse of power or authority, not maintaining professional boundaries, misuse or misappropriate dispensing of medication, physical restraint, using information of client to embarrass or bully and not maintaining dignity. Indicators can be loss of control, low self-esteem or confidence, crying, a severe lack of staff, aggressive or submissive behaviour. Self Neglect/Neglect by others can be done either by the client themselves or by their carer, professional or otherwise, not meeting the support needs of the vulnerable person and can include neglectful or self harming behaviours, refusing to eat or drink, neglecting personal hygiene, refusing the toilet when able to use, actual bodily harm e.g. cutting and hitting. Neglect by others can include not maintaining an expectable level of hygiene e.g. leaving client in wet/soiled pads, not covering the basic needs of the client e.g. not washing them properly, toileting, feeding or personal care. Indicators are weight loss, lack of personal hygiene e.g. not bathing or washing regularly, dehydration, signs of self harm, depression, withdrawn or submissive behaviour. Discriminatory abuse can include racist or sexist abuse, abuse based on disability, age, gender, sexual orientation or religion; harassment or slander. Again: Warning signs are NOT evidence of abuse but possible indicators of such. Factors contributing to risk of abuse are age e.g. elderly or young children; poor communication between care giver and service user (this could be because of a medical problem or social/relationship issue); care giver having an addiction such as alcohol or drugs; challenging behaviour by the service user; care giver believing service user is being deliberately difficult, care role forced not taken on willingly, major changes to lifestyle because of giving care, multiple care responsibilities, carer or service user having lack of sleep, being socially isolated, care giver or service user being young or immature, financial or housing issues, illness or injury, culture or religion discrimination or prejudice, refugee or asylum-seekers, environmental/economic factors such as financial situation, mental health difficulties, physical disabilities such as sensory impairment, cognitive ability, level of education, intellectual understanding, learning difficulties and many more. Abuse by professionals risk factors are bullying of staff members by manager, a culture of not treating the service users with dignity or respect, poor-quality training, lack of investment into further staff training, poor staffing issues, lack of opportunity for care giver to form a rapport with the service user, low staff morale and not enough support for the staff via appraisals or supervisions. If you suspect someone is being abused then use your skills such as observation and communication with other professionals. You must inform your line manager of your suspicions and monitor the situation closely. If a services user makes an allegation of abuse first you must inform them  that you cannot promise to keep it confidential, you will have to inform the office. This can be difficult because often abuse sufferers will start off by saying something like If I tell you something, will you promise not to tell anyone else? Never promise this. Explain to the service user that you cant promise that you wont tell anyone but the people you do inform will be able to help the service user or it will only be shared on a need to know basis. However, if the service user (vulnerable adult) refuses to allow you to share the information then, other than the necessity to tell your manager, it will be difficult for you to do anything about the abuse. All effort should then go into trying to encourage the service user to agree to the sharing of information and pursuing an investigation. If the client has full mental capacity, and absolutely refuses, then you will have to accept that you can only monitor the situation carefully. Secondly, reassure the service user that you believe what youve been told, offer comfort if required and also confirm that it is not their fault that this has happened to them. Try to not get into a situation where you are given a lot of detailed information, although this might be difficult because the service user might want to tell you everything once they have started to talk or the location/environment might not allow it. If you do get stuck in a situation where you are given a lot of information try not to ask leading questions such as and then did he punch you? Say instead and then what happened? Listen carefully and try to remember everything you are told so that you can record the details later. Any written information pertaining to alleged or potential abuse must be kept in a locked cabinet. If the information is held electronically then it should be password protected. Only essential information should be kept and only used for the abused benefit or best interests. In response to alleged abuse you should Protect, Report, Preserve, Record and  Refer. Protect -Make sure the abused person is safe and protected against any further abuse. Ensure medical treatment is provided when necessary. Offer comfort and support to the abused so they know that they are safe. Concerns, suspicions or conclusive evidence of abuse require an immediate response. You may be even required to remove the alleged offender, take the service user to a safe place or offer to contact a trusted family member to provide support. Report All concerns about an abusive situation should be reported immediately to your line manager, or if that is not possible the on-call person so you can hand over the responsibility to them. It will be necessary to also write up a full written report as soon as possible after the admission or occurrence. Preserve You must ensure any evidence of the alleged abuse is not compromised. Examples: Sexual or Physical abuse can leave traces of forensic evidence so every effort should go into preserving it, such as dont clear up, dont clean any part of the area where the abuse took place, dont remove bedding or any clothes the abused might be wearing, keep other people away from the crime scene and try to persuade the abused not to take a shower, bathe, wash, brush their hair or teeth. If you suspect or are told about financial abuse then you must ensure that any documentation pertaining to that fact is kept in a safe place so it can be used as evidence. Record and refer Any form of abuse, suspected or otherwise must be recorded either by writing it down as soon as possible after being told or on audio tape so it can be written down later. This can then be used as part of the  evidence process. Make sure you take note of everything you observed, anything you have been told (hearsay) and by whom, any previous concerns and what has specifically has raised your concern this time. When making a formal statement or preparing a document that will be used in court, you dont include anything that can be classed as hearsay. A referral is where you provide the authorities with the information they require in order to resolve the matter for the service user such as the police, social services, the health trust, etc. The national policies and local systems that relate to safeguarding and protection from abuse are: National: Care Quality Commission, Criminal Record Bureau (CRB checks), Independent Safeguarding Authority (ISA), Common Assessment Framework (CAF), Vetting and Barring Scheme (VBS), No Secrets national framework and codes of practice for health and social care (2000), Safeguarding Adults review (2009), Working Together to Safeguard Children (2006) and Every Child Matters (2003). Local: Local Area Agreements (LAAs), Local Safeguarding Adults Board (LSABs) and Local Safeguarding Childrens Board (LSCBs). The role of these different agencies include multi-agency and inter-agency working collaborations such as health services, e.g. GPs, nurses, health visitors, occupational therapists; voluntary services, e.g. NSPCC, Age UK, MIND, RNIB, RNID; social services, e.g. residential childrens home workers, social worker, care assistants; the police; consulting the police regarding all safeguarding incidents; responsibilities for overseeing the Safeguarding Assessment and its outcome; allocating a named person usually from statutory agencies in health or social care; convening or chairing strategy meetings, including the agreement of responsibilities, Lead Professional; actions and time-scales; providing information about activities and outcomes to the Safeguarding Coordinator; overseeing the convening of Safeguarding Case Conferences; coordinating and monitoring  investigations. There are numerous sources of information and advice about the role of a home care assistant with regards to the safeguarding and protecting individuals from abuse such as policies, procedures and expected ways of working within the workplace environment; information from the Independent Safeguarding Authority (ISA); relevant and up to date information from websites, leaflets, organisations, local and voluntary groups including government sources e.g. DfE and DoH; voluntary organisations e.g. NSPCC, Benardos; Social Care Institute for Excellence and publications, e.g. Health and Social Care 3rd Edition; What to Do If You Suspect A Child Is Being Abused (2003); National Council for Voluntary Youth Services Keeping it Safe: a young person-centred approach to safety and child protection; Working Together to Safeguard Children (2006). You can reduce the risk of abuse by giving knowledge and empowerment to the service provider this includes: Person-centred values Dignity, independence, rights, fulfilment, privacy and choice. Reducing vulnerability by boosting confidence; autonomy; positive communication; listening and promoting independent decision making. Awareness that everyone has the right to live without fear, violence and abuse; protected from harm or exploitation. It is important that you build self esteem and confidence by encouraging active participation in a variety of activities such as personal care, walks, cooking, etc. Promoting choices and rights by encouraging independent thinking, choices and decisions; empowerment, independence and the importance of informed consent. It is vital to have an accessible complaints procedure in place that is easily read and understood. This will give the service user the confidence to know how to report a complaint and what action the company will take once the complaint is issued. This will reduce the likelihood of abuse. The  complaints procedure should have transparent policies; accountability; procedures and outlines of working practices; clear guidelines on reporting and recording the complaint; robust guidelines for following up the complaint and accessibility (wide distribution, high visibility, etc). Example: The company provides a care plan folder which is left in the service users home. This includes personal information of the service user such as name, telephone, address, doctors surgery, etc; observation sheets; medication records including authorisation to administer medication on behalf of the service user and the medication policy; Financial Record including procedures and expenses sheets; client guide giving an overview of the aims and objectives of the company, services offered, service overview, terms and conditions, quality assurance process, key policies and contacts, complaints on compliments procedures and hours of operation. At the back is a copy of the contract between the company and service user. Unsafe practices which might affect the well-being of service users are: Neglect of personal care duty such as not giving a wash or bath when required, withholding toilet facilities, force feeding and inappropriate dressing. Not following the medication procedures such as failing to check dosage or not properly recording the administration of medication on the given documentation. Failing to record financial transactions correctly. Misuse of authority physical restraint, not respecting professional boundaries. Failure to carry out supervisions or risk assessments. Bad communication and sharing of private confidential information such as not giving the client the respect they deserve or talking to them in a derogatory manner and breech of confidentiality. Failing to keep staff updated on current legislation and safeguarding practices such as insufficient training or unsafe recruitment, not carrying out CRB or reference checks. If unsafe practices have been identified then you must immediately report your concerns verbally to your direct line manager and then follow it up in writing. Find out what the policies are on whistle blowing and follow them. You can be dismissed or suspended if you fail to report your suspicions or allegations of abuse, unsafe practices or not following procedures. If nothing is forthcoming after you have made your report then you have the right to contact the police or social services directly. It is then their responsibility to ensure your report is investigated and followed up.

How Industrial Revolution Made Life Easier :: essays research papers

How Industrial Revolution Made Life Easier It would just be unbearable to think that life would be better without the Industrial Revolution. All the inventions that were invented back then are used all the time. The three inventions which are the camera, the light bulb and the locomotive have greatly changed society. Without the light bulb, you couldn’t see at night, you wouldn’t be able to take pictures of anything for memories if the camera wasn’t invented and without the train there would be one less easier way to travel. Without the light bulb, you couldn’t see at night. Thomas Edison invented the light bulb mainly to make it for home use. The light bulb was made to create light that would last for a long time and that could be used anywhere. In today’s society, people use the bulbs in their homes to light up their whole house including their fridge. It just makes it easier to see anywhere whenever it’s the daytime or night time. â€Å"Edison's eventual achievement was inventing not just an incandescent electric light, but also an electric lighting system that contained all the elements necessary to make the incandescent light practical, safe, and economical.† Before it was created, human beings had to use fire and now you’re able to just turn the light switch on and you automatically have whatever lighted. You wouldn’t be able to take pictures of anything for memories if the camera wasn’t invented. Louis Daguerre invented the first camera just to capture things for memory. The camera was invented to capture a picture of anything you wanted to save as a memory. In today’s world, people use the camera during many special occasions to remember that specific day. It helps a lot because so many people can enjoy or see what an occasion was like even if they weren’t there by looking at the pictures. â€Å"The daguerreotype, aptly called a ‘mirror with a memory’, was an amazing development, and one cannot but marvel at the intricacy of the detail.† Before it was made, people didn’t really struggle without since they didn’t even use anything that could capture scenes. Without the train there would one less easier way to travel. George Stephenson first attempted to create the first locomotive since others who tried failed. The locomotive was invented to try and succeed in an invention but lead to more better things.

Gibson Kente Essay

Gibson Kente: Arguably the most popular playwright-director in South African Theatre history is â€Å"Bra Gib†, Gibson Kente. Born in 1932, Kente became the father of Black Theatre. He was a great patriot and founding father of Black Theatre in South ; an effective voice of the oppressed though the arts, he articulated the socio-economic imbalances created by the apartheid regime. Kente was not only an artist but also a vehicle for change. He conscientised the nation through music and theatre and gave a nation confidence in the midst of repression and brutality. Kente was largely unknown to the white theatre-going population of South Africa – however he produced 23 plays and many TV dramas from 1963-1992. Kente grew up in Duncan Village, a black village in the Eastern Cape. He was schooled at a Seventh-Day Adventist College in Butterworth. In 1956, he moved to Johannesburg and enrolled at the Jan Hofmeyer School of Social Work. He eventually abandoned his studies after he joined a black theatre group called the Union Artists. This is where he embarked on his career writing, producing and directing, where he created the unique genre referred to as the â€Å"township musical. Kente developed a style and pattern for his plays specifically to deal with the challenges and needs of his audiences. His plays were melodramas of township life, which were performed in an over-the-top, stylized manner using stock characters and a declamatory style of performance. His style of directing his actors to ‘overact’ was in order to compens ate for many of the townships venues which had poor acoustics. His use of music, movement, gesture, gimmicks, dance and acrobatics were directly related to his problem with township venues. These large halls were not complimentary to any type of method acting. The movements had to be unnaturalistic, the acting was vigorous and exaggerated well beyond reality, in order to have an impact on the eye and the ear. There was also a devaluing of dialogue – the dialogue is in English, however, most of it was inaudible because of audience noise and interaction, bad voice projection in the acoustically unsound halls, the musical band and unfamiliarity with words from the script. The audiences were not there to appreciate the subtlety of language through the use of puns or witticisms – they were there to be entertained through the stock characters antics – to recognize themselves on stage. Kente’s aim was to fill township venues and he did. The majority of his plays are stylistically similar: the acting style hardly varies, the story development is superficial, there is an absence of conflict other than the physical fights and the slanging matches between characters. The plots were simple – they were made up of occurrences which were happening in the townships and in daily township life. Ian Steadman writes in his article Alternative Politics, Alternative Performance: 1976 and Black South African Theatre that â€Å"while he [Kente] has been criticised by more radical Black Consciousness proponents for being a-political, Kente’s theatre succeeds in creating social comment and criticism – sometimes by implication, at other times by direct proseltism† (1984: 219).

Trying to Find Chinatown

ENG-112-E1 20th March, 2013 â€Å"Trying to Find China Town† For Analysis 1. Benjamin is revealed his ethnic towards becoming a Chinese and how they look and define as a Chinese. Benjamin thinks he knows more because of his knowledge about the history, although he is a Chinese-American. But Ronnie argued he is a Chinese because his skin tone. They both are arguing different things. 2. Benjamin considers himself as Chinese is because he is a Caucasian Asian American and he knows the cultural heritage of Chinese, his identity.But as Ronnie, he just knows a little bit heritages of Chinese and even mixed up with African and European elements. 3. For the second-to-last stage direction, Hwang wants the audience to think about the contradiction between the characters. Actually they both are the same, Chinese, but they did not have the same view. The racial identity should not based on skin tone but connections between culture. For Writing 1. The writer, Hwang, wrote that the ways of speaking are different.Ronnie is more impulsive and exaggerate, like â€Å"Oh, Jesus†. Benjamin is more gentle and nice to Ronnie. He talked with him in a pleasant way instead of rude answering. 2. The characters both disagree about the importance of ethnic heritage to identity. In my opinion, both of them should not judge the other about what their race is. It is because skin tone does not represent one’s cultural. People could not understand what their background is. As the writer wrote, it is important to have the same connection in the same race.

Terror Bird (Phorusrhacos) - Facts and Figures

Terror Bird (Phorusrhacos) - Facts and Figures Name: Terror Bird; also known as Phorusrhacos (Greek for rag bearer); pronounced FOE-roos-RAY-cuss Habitat: Plains of South America Historical Epoch: Middle Miocene (12 million years ago) Size and Weight: About eight feet tall and 300 pounds Diet: Meat Distinguishing Characteristics: Large head and beak; claws on wings    About the Terror Bird (Phorusrhacos) Phorusracos isnt known as the Terror Bird only because thats much easier to pronounce; this flightless prehistoric bird must have been utterly terrifying to the small mammals of middle Miocene South America, in light of its enormous size (up to eight feet tall and 300 pounds), clawed wings, and heavy, crushing beak. Extrapolating from the behavior of a similar (but much smaller) relative, Kelenken, some paleontologists believe the Terror Bird grabbed its quivering lunch with its talons, then grasped it between its powerful jaws and bashed it repeatedly on the ground to cave in its skull. (Its also possible that the giant beak of Phorusrhacos was a sexually selected characteristic, males with bigger beaks being more attractive to females during mating season.) Ever since the discovery of its type fossil in 1887, Phorusrhacos has gone by a bewildering number of now-outmoded or reassigned names, including Darwinornis, Titanornis, Stereornis, and Liornis. As for the name that stuck, that was bestowed by a fossil hunter who assumed (from the size of the bones) that he was dealing with a megafauna mammal, and not a birdhence the lack of the tell-tale ornis (Greek for bird) at the end of the Terror Birds genus name (Greek for rag bearer, for reasons that remain mysterious). By the way, Phorusrhacos was closely related to another terror bird of the Americas, Titanis, a comparably sized predator that went extinct at the cusp of the Pleistocene epochto the extent that a minority of experts classify Titanis as a Phorusrhacos species.

WORDPLAY

WORDPLAY Play-on-words is a literary technique that makes the words the main subjects for the purpose of amusement or some particular effect. Hashtag: #ReplaceALetterRuinATvShow Literary A wordplay is a form of humorous writing. It is a literary technique for entertaining readers by manipulating the sounds and meaning of words. Characterized by ambiguity, wordplay is also a form of creative linguistic that takes advantage of words with similar meanings to grab attention. CONNECTING WORDS AND PHRASES A pun is a subtype of wordplay that uses a word (one-word puns) or group of words (compound puns) with several meanings or a  sound to make it funny. A good example is funny puns using compound puns or replacing two or more words to change their meaning such as â€Å"Santa’s helpers are subordinate Clauses†. When a writer substitutes a word with another similar-sounding word, the result is homophonic puns. For example,â€Å"The butcher refused to accept my challenge that his knife was dull because the steaks were too high†. In contrast, when the writer uses a word with two different meanings, the resulting puns are homographic puns such as â€Å"Yes, he is the same optometrist who fell into a lens grinder and made a spectacle of himself†. There are also funny animals puns such as  Ã¢â‚¬Å"A horse is a very stable animal†. Funny Puns in Classrooms and in the Internet The pun is a  type of wordplay that many authors and poets create to bring fun to the classroom. Since humor is a good motivator, wordplay enriched books and make schoolchildren interested in language and vocabulary. Teachers used wordplay in the classroom to encourage students to expand their vocabulary and challenge their belief about the meaning of the words. Wordplay also helps students see the connection between words. Wordplay extends beyond the classroom to the Internet. Various funny puns are all over the Web bringing a smile to everyone’s face. One-letter puns challenge from social media user #ReplaceALetterRuinATvShow to replace a letter of a TV show title was accepted by fellow users and many are quite good with vocabulary. For example: â€Å"Price is Right† to â€Å"Prick is Right† â€Å"Dr. Who† to â€Å"Dr. Why† â€Å"America’s Top Model† to â€Å"America’s Top Modem† There are puns about technology, puns created by Internet geeks, 15 most hilarious puns, clean and dirty puns, and banned puns that allegedly breached China’s law on standard spoken and written Chinese. However, the fun with puns continues with more clever puns such as: â€Å"People who say they from constipation are full of shit† â€Å"Never trust atoms, they make up everything† â€Å"The person who invented the door knock won the No-bell prize† Wordplay and its popular subtype have a number of beneficial applications. Aside from expanding classroom vocabulary, enhancing the motivation of language learners, and creating a word-rich classroom, English literature masters extensively used the literary technique in their plays and poetry. William Shakespeare, for instance, used wordplay to produce various, life-like representation of a complex human personality. Hebrew Bible writers frequently obscure the true meaning of God messages using wordplay. Wordplay nowadays is widely used in product advertising tagline to draw the attention of readers. Advertisers make good use of wordplay such as: â€Å"Thirst come, thirst served† of Coca-Cola in 1932 â€Å"Put a Tiger in Your Tank† of  Exxon If you need assistance with essay writing feel free to contact our support team or place an order right now and we will gladly help you.

Financial Accounting coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Financial Accounting coursework - Essay Example References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 1. Executive Summary This report includes some of the basic principles and conventions that must be adhered to while preparing the financial statements. It includes analysis and evaluation of some of the accounting practices and conventions. This report also analyses and evaluates some of the accounting practices in Marks & Spencer Plc. 2.1 Accrual Accounting Accrual concept includes recognition of revenue when earned while expenses are only acknowledged when they are suffered or incurred. This accounting concept needs creation of an extra account that records the variance obtained from the difference between revenue and expenses recognized as well as reception or payments of cash. Accounts receivable is normally used in recording accrued incomes while deferred re venue account is used to record revenue not earned (Banerjee 2005, p. 4-5). On the other hand, accrued expense account is used in recording expenses before payment of cash while deferred expense account is used in recording expenses after paying cash. This type of accounting concept is very expensive and that it is possible for the account to owe taxes on their income even before the cash is received. In marks & Spencer income is recognized when the products are sent to the customers and important risks and title incentives are shifted to the client. The deferred tax is accounted for after calculating it based on anticipated way of realization. The company also has trade receivables account and trade payables (Banerjee 2005, p. 4-5). 2.2 Going Concern Going concern is regarded as one of the most important assumptions in accounting used in preparation of final accounts with an assumption that the business will continue to operate in the next foreseeable future. The company is expecte d to successfully settle their liabilities after realizing their assets. It is always upon the management of the company to check on the ability of the organization to continue doing business in the coming future. The accounts of Marks & Spencer are prepared in the basis of going concern and the directors are convinced that the company will be able to operate in the next future. The directors are very much concerned that there are no uncertainties that may interfere with the company’s operations in their future (Gibson 2012, p.11-12). The company managed to make a profit of $458 as at March 2013 and positive cash and cash equivalents. The company’s current assets also exceed the current liabilities thus showing an element of going concern. The company is also in a position of paying out her dividends and financing The company will not likely to fail in its operations in the near future considering her statement of financial position and the consolidated income statemen t (Marks & Spencer 2013, p. 1-3). There are a number of indications of a going concern business which are not reflected in the financial statement of Marks & Spencer. Some of the dangerous signs indicating challenges of going concern are poor liquidity positions, high financial risk and delay in payments as well as serious litigations affecting the company. Marks & Spencer do not also have any indication of defaulting by one of their chief customers that may eventually affect her operations (Gibson

International Business Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Business - Coursework Example Commodization turns product markets from monopolistic markets to perfect completive markets (Peng, 2013). For instance, Aqua-fresh is very distinct from Colgate. Regardless, the market treats both brands as the same product and solely compare their prices before making a purchasing idea. c. VRIO is a frame used in evaluating the strategic choices made by a firm in its quest to grow. Arguably, VRIO framework is comprised of a series of questions that make up the main argument for the evaluation of the competitive position of a given firm or organization. These components are Value, Rarity, Imitability and Organization. The question for value evaluates a firm’s ability to exploit an opportunity and neutralize threats. The question for rarity assesses the ease of obtaining resources in the industry for instance raw material. How rare are the resources and capabilities and are they controlled by a few players. The question for Imitability evaluates the ability of a firm’s products or resources to be imitated by other players in the industry. Finally, the question for Organization, evaluates the organization of power and command lines, resources and capabilities within a firm in order to capture value. This entails the culture as well as other features as w ell. d. One of the key arguments for off-shoring is the fact that it creates just as many jobs as it destroys. Arguably, off-shoring increases efficiency within an organization, increases productivity and reduces organizational costs allowing organizations to expand and create jobs that are more domestic as well (Peng, 2013). Another main argument for off-shoring is the fact that the off-shoring in the manufacturing industry has led to an increase in the wages of the employees who are opting to venture into more productive professions, and those employed domestically can also increase their incomes as well from reduced costs. However, off-shoring has led to the increase in the unemployment rates in the

"Diversity Day" Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

"Diversity Day" Analysis - Assignment Example Therefore, the episode conspicuously addresses the manifestation of diversity and its effects within the work place. The key learning in this episode is that diversity management is an important tool for every organization if harmony, essential for success, has to be attained. One of the issues that come out clearly is that stereotypes underpin the intensity of racial discrimination within the organizational environment. A stereotype refers to biased assumptions about a particular group of people that often demeans the dignity of such group of people. In the episode, when Michael asks each member to stick a card inscribed with a race on their forehead, he invites every member to utter any stereotypes that refer to the race written on each members face (Kwapis n.p.). Notably, there are as many stereotypes as there are different races in the world. At least, each member of staff with a sticker on their face has their share of stereotypes associated with their races. While some stereotypes are demeaning, other places one race at the top position depicting it as a superior race. In the work environment, stereotypes learnt since childhood becomes the source of racial discrimination. For instance, the black people are associated with hard labor while the whites are associated with white collar jobs. Discrimination issues result into intimidation where minority groups are perceived as inferior to the dominant races. In the episode we learn the possible impacts of discrimination within the work place. When the staff members recite different stereotypes at their partners, there is mixed reaction as people cite uncomfortable stereotypes that bring up unpleasant feelings. Michaels terms it as â€Å"mixing the melting pot† to describe the nature of this exchange. He expects each person to guess their race depending on the stereotypes that are uttered about them. This way, he says that they will learn to understand how being a

The Rise Of China History Essay

The Rise Of China History Essay INTRODUCTION China perceives itself as a central power on Earth. The rest of the World is an array of greater and lesser powers which neither have unified structure nor a single head Macnall Mark  [1]   1. The quiet yet spectacular rise of China in the last two decades has brought the Oriental dragon on the thresholds of changing the contours of international power politics. China has emerged as the third largest economy in the world and the largest trading partner of all the emerging markets in Africa, Asia and Latin America replacing the USA and EU. China is known to be pursuing a not so transparent path of steep growth in strategic military capability and has developed a credible nuclear and missile deterrence capability. 2. China is rising along with worldwide concerns over the strat implications of the growing Chinese power. Whether any nation likes it or not, China has emerged as a power to reckon with and its hybrid model of quasi- state capitalism semi democratic authoritarianism sometimes dubbed as the Beijing consensus  [2]  makes an interesting case study for the strat thinkers. 3. During the cold war, China pursued a policy of leaning to one side (either the Soviet Union or the United States) from within a posture of strategic independence. After the disintegration of USSR, it has been making official and emphatic pronouncements of promoting a multipolar world order and its own desire to attain the status of a world power. China has generally maintained an outwardly peaceful outlook and the World has not seen any major intervention by China except possibly in the case of North Korea where the Chinese action can not be defined as responsible. However, as China begins to assert its economic prowess and military capability, the global and regional powers are besieged with the growing realisation of a need to develop mechanisms to deal with the potent China threat. 4. There appears to be a near consensus that China will soon become a world power. However, whether China will fulfil the responsibilities that accompany the mantle of a Global power remains to be seen. Whatever be the case, China has arrived at the centre stage of world politics and the world has to cater for China in all their strategic outlook. Hypothesis 5. The rise of China into a global power in foreseeable future is a fact every nation state has to understand and reckon with. China is on the path of development of comprehensive national power before it asserts itself to take the centre stage of the world order . Assertion of Chinas economic and military might in conjunction with its soft power status in the UN to challenge the unipolar world order is likely to bring it in conflict with the sole super power USA. Manifestation of the true Chinese aspirations and intentions are likely to emerge by the year 2030 by which time it may be too late for world players including India to decide on how to align with the changed world order centred around China.   Statement of the Problem 6. This research seeks to study and analyze the rise of China as a world power and its effect on the global power equation. The paper also seeks to study as to how the major international players including India will manage or adapt to this change in the international arena. SCOPE 7. This research will primarily focus on the strat activities of China and its implications for other nations including India. It will analyse the World view of the Chinese growth and the management of the change in global power equations due to Chinese growth. The research has been carried out under the following main heads:- (a) Historical/Background Issues. After a brief mention of the rise of Chinese civilisation, its geography and population, this part includes the research carried out to understand the advent of nationalism and communism in China and the transformation from Mao to Market as Deng Xiaoping laid the foundation for open market policies within a centrist communist regime. (focus more on the contribution of the CCP and its evolution in the era of Xiaoping. Not to cov econ its detls to avoid overlap with para c below). (b) Chinas Grand Strategy/ Capabilities and Intentions. The national and military objectives of China and the growth of its military capability to meet its regional as well as global ambitions have been analysed in this part. (Focus on the Chinese perspective only avoid giving the perspective of the other powers to avoid duplication with para e below). (c) Economic and Social Growth of China. The emergence of China as a major economic power with substantial forex reserves and its global reach to new markets have been analysed. The Chinese initiatives for social growth to facilitate the economic growth in the long term have also been examined. (only the economic and social growth of china , avoid views and perspective either Chinese or World view as it is being cov in other parts) (d) Chinas Growing Vulnerabilities Weaknesses. While China has made much progress, it still has many blemishes. The threats of economic disparity, alienation of ethnic minorities like Tibetans and Uighurs, environmental threat due to urbanisation, lack of energy resources and the plight of farmers and migrant labour working in the SEZs are some of the threats which may derail the stability of China. In addition to discussion of the internal weaknesses of China, its performance in relation to internal obligations like nuclear non proliferation, global war on terror , human rights front and world trade issues have also been analysed in this part. (e) Effect and Analysis of Chinas Rise. The effect of Chinas rise on the world order and major world players like USA, EU, Asia Pacific, Russia, South Asia and India and their response have been analysed in this part.(you can skip the effect on India and the Indian response as it will be coc in detl in para f) (f) Implications for India and How Should India Respond. There are areas of common interests as well as areas of competition and concerns between the two Asian giants. In view of the meteoric growth of China, India has a wide range of options to include collaboration, engagement, containment, confrontation and alliance with other global players like USA, Japan, Australia and Taiwan etc . The options of India ranging from deterrence to dissuasion capability and the multi pronged and multi lateral policies to slow down the prowling dragon of China have been analysed in this part. ( the alliances by India may be common between paras e and f, both gps may work on it for the time being for maint continuity of your flow, can be rationalises later) PRESENTATION 8. The presentation of the Minor Research Project will be conducted as under:- Minutes (a) Historical/Background Issues 05 (b) Chinas Grand Strategy/Intentions 12 (c) Economic Social Rise of China 06 (d) Chinas Growing Vulnerabilities Weaknesses 10 (e) Effect and Analysis of Chinas Rise 12 (f) Implications for India and How Should India Respond. 14 (g) Conclusion 02 (h) Questions Answers 20 (j) Summing up by SI 05 (k) Comments by CI Army/Comdt 05 Total 90 (this is tentative , based on the term of ref that we have only 60 mins for presentation the obvious achievements of China need not be devoted too much of time and space . I have tried to keep the sub parts/contents of the sub topics in mind while allotting time . Historical background part may appear less to you but that being the introductory part should not be too long I feel) CONCLUSION 9. The meteoric rise of China in the World order has been one of the most discussed and debated issues of the new millennium. After more than five centuries of dominance of the Western Block, the Oriental Dragon is well poised to take the centre stage in the World politics and economy. 10. There is a considerable amount of debate on issues like how long can the dynamic growth in Chinese economy continue or its nearly totalitarian regime survive but the there can be no dispute to the rising might of the Chinese economy and military power which has shown remarkable signs of resilience, stability and adaptability . 11. The expectation that China eventually would pursue an assertive strategic policy subsequent to attaining comprehensive national strength would be fairly consistent with the conduct of previous great powers historically. Chinese experience of geopolitical primacy and the association of that primacy with good order, civilization, virtue, and justice, may make the pursuit of geopolitical centrality through assertive behaviour once again attractive. 12. The global players and India will have to develop a multi lateral approach for dealing with the rise of China. While China has the right to peaceful development of its own country, any asymmetric growth in military capability is bound to pose a threat to the power balance in regional as well as global levels. 13. India must engage China in a constructive manner to expand bilateral trade and co-operation while enhancing its own military and economic potential to deal with any possible Chinese misadventure like 1962. Our focus has to be based on building matching capabilities rather than reading the Chinese intentions alone as while the capabilities take years to build, intentions may change overnight. Note- Please come prep with all the proposed changes/amdts to any part of the synopsis or any addition/deletion to the scope of your respective topics/sub topics. You may send in your suggestions by mail also.

Standardized Test Essay examples -- Standardized Testing Essays

Standardized Test Standardized test have been a means measuring student performance. Some important questions that always come up regarding standardized test are what are the tests really measuring? Are they measuring a person’s intelligence? Their ability to perform well on standardized tests? Or just some random quantity of the person’s IQ? When examining the issues around which these tests are given and the content of the tests themselves, it becomes apparent that however useful the tests may be for standardizing a group’s intellectual ability, they are not a good indicator of intelligence. To issue a truly standardized test, the testing environment should be the same for everyone involved. A person’s environment has a great deal to do with their cognitive abilities. Is the light flickering? Is the paint on the walls an unsettling shade? Is the temperature too hot or too cold? Is the chair uncomfortable? Or in the worst case, do they have an illness that day? To test a person’s mind, it is necessary to utilize their body in the process. If everyone’s body is placed in different conditions during the testing, how is it possible to get standardized results across all the subjects? Because of this assumption that everyone will perform equally independent of their environment, intelligence test scores are skewed and cannot be viewed as standardized, and definitely not as an example of a person’s intelligence. A person’s intelligence stems from a variety...

Why Did Fascism Rise in Europe During the 1920s? Could It Have in the 1930s US?

What kind of economic environment would embrace Fascism? What kind of society would allow their country’s freedoms and future to be placed into one dictator’s hands? Germany was surrounded by perceived forces of evil. The exploitation of fear from the French to the West and the Russians to the East would break the spirit of the German people. The fear of these two forces against a nationalized Germany would be used by Adolf Hitler to gain power. In Italy, Benito Mussolini used alliances with the Catholic Church, unions, and industry bosses to gain political power. That, along with using brute force against his political opponents, Mussolini’s form of Fascism was gradually built with eleven years of severe political maneuvering. Both Hitler and Mussolini took advantage of a political environment to form a new lofty ideal, fascism, an ideal that would lead to a second escalation in the early 20th century. World War I ended very badly for the Prussians. They were broken into smaller nations. Lands were taken from them. Their methods of wealth gathering from previous investments were seized away from them. Any possible modes of financial stability were looking bleaker with the continuance of the reparations coming out of the Great War. Even when the new Germany did create wealth, the French would take it away from them because of overdue payments. There was no financial hope because the French were so relentless with their strict enforcement of the Treaty of Versailles. The enduring vengeance that the French leaders had towards Germany after WWI was eventually viewed by Germans as greed. The ruthless attitude of the French capitalists developed into an overall German distaste for the existing capitalist movement. To the East there was also a newly formed communist Russia that was growing in structure and power. There was an anxiety among the German people with what was going on in Russia. By outsiders, communism was understood as simply a loss of private property. The loss of private property was something that the new Furher, or leader, of Germany would claim to protect. Exploiting the people’s anxiety for a state-owned economic system was a main tool used by Hitler. Germany didn’t want to be like the greedy French capitalists, nor did they want to be like the War-Communist, Stalin-led Russians. These two forces to either side of Germany created a vacuum of ideas. Within this vacuum, Hitler forced his own ideas that in 1926 he laid-out in his work Mein Kampf . At this point of Germany’s economic disrepair, Hitler could have sold the German near anything especially because it was neither like the French nor the Russian respective economic futures. Hitler also used the Jews as his own capitalist scapegoats for why the country was in such economic peril. He used this as a rallying cry, a distraction for something to move against at home. All they had to do was to exterminate the Jews, follow Furher, and he would lead Germany back to being a reunified world power. Benito Mussolini in Italy went another route. After he was elected Prime Minister in 1922 he slowly used political force to gain and maintain power. He gained the support of the Catholic Church by mandating Catholic school for children. He somehow aligned himself with both unions and industry bosses by mandating an eight hour workday and freeing the industries of back payments from WWI. And in order to get his way in the elected government he would use his seemingly endless political power to dissuade the elected liberals. He would threaten or even assassinate anyone who opposed his rise to power. â€Å"I declare†¦. in front of the Italian people†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦that I alone assume the political, moral and historic responsibility for everything that has happened. Italy wants peace and quiet, work and calm. I will give these things with love if possible and with force if necessary. † Peace via force? Somehow that doesn’t seem possible, but the fascist government led by its Il Duce, or leader, got its way. Exterminating, not Jews as Hitler was then doing, but liberals in Italian places of power. In the 1930’s America it was a dire time financially. People were voting with their stomachs and they were all ears in following the leadership of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. FDR was a very popular American leader as he was voted into the highest office four times. America was not quite as broken as Germany was. America still had its ideals intact as evidenced by its strong opposition to FDRs attempted amendment to the Constitution adding six members to the Supreme Court. Despite the financial hardships that the American people were experiencing in the 1930s, Fascism was much too different for appeal to the Americans. They were too proud of their existing American democracy to ever be influenced enough to change the ideology from a capitalist democracy towards a fascist dictator. Americans were much more interested in FDR’s ‘tweaks’ than in a complete government overhaul as either Mussolini or Hitler would have advocated. With a thriving fascist government, when is enough, enough? When dealing with fascism there is never really a true stopping point. Whether it was someone within the nation, like the liberals in Italy or the Jews of Germany, or an outside threat, like the communists of Russia or the French Capitalists, there will always be an opposing party. It begs the question whether a successful WWII campaign by Italy and Germany would have eventually pitted them against each other?

God’s Existence and Aquinas Objection Essay

I was in the debate team in high school. And there were times that our team would take the against side of the statement. In his famous work Prologion, written in 1077-1078, Anselm presents the idea the God exists because God is the greatest thing of all, that the idea of thinking of God exists prove its existence. Hundred of years later, Thomas Aquinas brings up the account that addresses Anselm’s idea in objection 2 of Question II, First Article of Summa Theologica. Aquinas objects Anselm’s argument later in his work by attacking the idea that God is something that can be thought greater. To understand Anselm’s argument for God’s existence, one must first understand the principles that forms the argument. The first principle is the claim that â€Å"nothing greater can be thought. † There is too types of existing, existing in understanding (existing0) and existing in reality (existing1). Then, we try to think of something is existing1. Anselm let â€Å"something† be â€Å"something than which nothing greater can be thought (NGT),† or in another word â€Å"a being than which nothing greater can be conceived† according to the Proslogion. The very first act of thinking that something is existing1 serves as the basis of it existing0. Because in the process of trying to think of something greater, we already establish its existence0. For example, there is a flower A, existing1. This flower A is the most beautiful flower, that this flower is a NGT. In order to prove this flower is NGT, one has to think of all the flower he has seen, flower B, C, or D. In the process of searching through one’s mind trying to think of a flower that is more beautiful than flower A, flower A already exists in one’s mind, which is existing0. To open his argument, Anselm then said an example of NGT is God. The second principle is the principle of â€Å"thinking of non-existing objects (Principle E). † Anselm uses the example of a painter conceiving the drawing he will paint, then executing his plan in mind to make the painting exists in reality. To breakdown his argument, let’s begin with something that exists0. Because one has the ability to imagine that something exists0, one can also imagine that the same thing exists1. This priniciple is the most uncontroversial because it is just a matter of imagination. The fact that one has imagination allows him to imagine whatever he wants. For example, one imagines he won the lottery and has a million dollars. It is safe to say that one can proceed to think of that million dollars is existing1, regardless of if the million dollars truly exists1. Applying Principle E back to the argument of NGT, if one can imagine NGT in existence0, one can also go ahead and imagine NGT existing1. The third principle is â€Å"thinking something greater than something (Principle G). This principle compares the greatness of existing0 and existing1. Anselm proposes that â€Å"greatness† has two faces: qualitatively and existentially. To further support his argument, Anselm implies that greatness qualitatively means everything positive, such as, more beautiful, more knowledgeable, more influential, etc. Base on this assumption, Anselm argues that, â€Å"Suppose it exists in the understanding alone: then it can be conceived to exist in reality; which is greater. † To apply this principle in daily life, one can relate to a million dollars example above. One can imagine having a million dollars in his mind, but that million dollars doesn’t exist1. In another case, one owns a millions dollars, which means that million dollars exists1. The rhetorical question here will be, which case is more appealing to you, which scenario is â€Å"greater? † Back to Anselm’s claim, the â€Å"it† in his argument is, of course, NGT, which is God. That God exists1 is better than God only exists0 but not exists1. The next principle returns to the basic meaning of NGT. Principle N presents the idea â€Å"if something can be thought to be greater than x, then x is not an NGT. † Assume something is an NGT, nothing greater can be thought. If there is another thing that is greater then it. This â€Å"something† is no longer an NGT. This principle is pretty self-explanatory. To put it in everyday examples, imagine the beautiful flower A is the most beautiful flower in the whole wide world. However, one found another flower more beautiful than A. Now A is no longer an NGT, regardless in existence0 or existence1. Now substitute God in for NGT in the equation. Because Anselm already claimed that God is an NGT, if one can think of something greater than God, God is no longer an NGT. According to the Proslogion, â€Å"God cannot be conceived not to exist. –God is that, than which nothing greater can be conceived. –That which can be conceived not to exist is not God. † The upcoming principle’s idea bases that of principle E. Principle T simply proposes the idea that â€Å"an NGT can be thought. † Because one has the ability to think of an object either exists0, exists1, or even both, one can also think of NGT existing0, existing1, or both. The idea that one can think of something is very broad and universal, that â€Å"something† can simply be anything. The final piece of Anselm’s argument is Principle M. This principle presents the very vague idea that â€Å"if something must be thought as existing1, then it exists1. † If one must think of a flower exists1, then that flower does exist1. Now that all principles Anselm needed to support his argument that God exists are gathered, he begins his argument with a â€Å"fool (thinker)† that â€Å"understands [God] is in his understanding; although he does not understand it to exist. † To fully understand this argument, one has to accept Anselm’s assumption that God, indeed, is an NGT. The argument that the thinker has the ability to think of NGT existing1 is based on Principle E that if one can think of an object then he can think of it existing1. The idea of thinking NGT exists1 is â€Å"greater† than the idea of thinking NGT exists0 but doesn’t exist1 (Principle G); therefore, one can think of something greater than the NGT that exists0 but not in reality. However, this violates the basic meaning of an NGT (Principle N), nothing greater can be thought. So the idea that one can think of something greater than the NGT that exists0 but not in reality is contradictory to the fundamental element of an NGT. Which comes to the agreement that if one think of an NGT it is to be existing1. The conclusion implies the principle that one can thought of NGT exists1 (Principle T). Also, one can and must only think of an NGT exists1. This lead to the final conclusion. If one has no choice but think of something exists1, that something must be existing1 (Principle M). Therefore, an NGT, God, exists. Aquinas gives an condensed version account of Anselm’s argument in Summa Theologica. In objection 2 of question II, â€Å"Whether the existence of God is self-evident? †, Aquinas addresses the idea much abruptly. He first implies that Anselm’s idea of God is an NGT is equivalent to saying â€Å"things are said to be self-evident which are known as soon as the terms are known,† that the significant of the word â€Å"God† is nothing better can be conceived. He follows the account by stating that the word â€Å"God† â€Å"exists actually and mentally is greater than that which exists only mentally. † Therefore, if the word â€Å"God† is understood mentally it has to be understood to exist actually. Both Anselm’s argument of Aquinas’s account of it come to the same conclusion that God exists, that the thought of it existing lead to its real existence. Aquinas objects Anselm’s idea by stating that not everyone understands the word â€Å"God† will agree that it is an NGT. He follows his objection by stating: Yet, granted that everyone understands that by this name God is signified something than which nothing greater can be thought, nevertheless, it does not therefore follow that he understands that what the name signifies exists actually, but only that it exists mentally. Aquinas’s main objection is that the idea of NGT can be interpreted that it can only exists mentally. However, for Anselm’s argument to work, one has to understand that God can exists in reality; therefore, Aquinas further objects Anselm’s claim by stating those â€Å"who hold God does not exist† will not admit the fact that God is an NGT and it exists in reality. In Anselm’s defense, he based all his argument on the fact that God is â€Å"a being than which nothing greater can be conceived. † As a true believer of God, Anselm would have simply oppose those who does not believe in God has not fully understand the meaning of â€Å"God†; therefore, they fail to grasp the idea God exists in reality. If one understands God, he will be able to think of God’s existence in mind then agree to think of it in reality. After reading excerpts both from the Proslogion and the Summa Theologica, I am more inclined to support Aquinas’s claim. Although I do not think Aquinas has successfully destroyed Anselm’s argument, I think there are more weak links in Anselm’s argument than that of Aquinas’s. The most apparent loopholes are Principle M and Principle G. First, Principle M states that if one has to think of something as existing1, then that something has to exists1. However, Anselm neglects the fact that what one believes exists1 does not has to be true. For example, children were told to believe Santa Claus exists in reality and many of them do believe that idea. The contradiction being what those children â€Å"can and must† think exists1, Santa Claus, does not exists1. Second, the positivity of â€Å"greatness† implied in Principle G is too vague. The concept of greatness of reality is â€Å"better† than that of in mind can be subjective. Just because one person thinks the existence in reality is greater than existence in mind does not equal others perception of greatness. With doubts in Principle M and Principle G, I think Aquinas has a stronger position compare to Anselm does.